我國各地養(yǎng)豬場的飼養(yǎng)規(guī)模、生產(chǎn)狀況、管理模式、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件千差萬別，地理位置和環(huán)境容量差別很大，廢水或固體糞便的處置與排放方式也不盡相同，因此處理技術(shù)和模式多樣。規(guī)模養(yǎng)豬場沼氣工程建設(shè)，應(yīng)根據(jù)厭氧處理工藝的特點(diǎn)以及對厭氧殘留物處理利用方式和要求的不同，在實(shí)際工程設(shè)計(jì)中，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場條件、沼氣利用和排放等方面的要求，選擇不同的模式。

The scale, production status, management mode, and economic conditions of pig farms vary greatly in different regions of China, with significant differences in geographical location and environmental capacity. The disposal and discharge methods of wastewater or solid manure also differ, resulting in diverse treatment technologies and modes. The construction of biogas projects in large-scale pig farms should be based on the characteristics of anaerobic treatment processes and different requirements for the treatment and utilization of anaerobic residues. In actual engineering design, different modes should be selected according to the requirements of site conditions, biogas utilization, and emissions.

目前，規(guī)模化豬場沼氣工程處理模式劃分為能源生態(tài)型和能源環(huán)保型兩種。

At present, the treatment modes of large-scale pig farm biogas projects are divided into two types: energy ecological and energy environmentally friendly.

2.1 能源生態(tài)模式

2.1 Energy Ecological Model

該模式以厭氧消化為主體工藝，是資源綜合利用模式，主要是指畜禽糞便經(jīng)沼氣池發(fā)酵后，所產(chǎn)生的沼氣經(jīng)過凈化后作為燃料，沼渣、沼液按食物鏈關(guān)系作為下一級(jí)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的原料、肥料、飼料等進(jìn)行再利用;同時(shí)該模式結(jié)合氧化塘或土地處理等自然處理系統(tǒng)，可以使處理出水在非利用季節(jié)達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該模式主要適用于周邊有適當(dāng)規(guī)模的農(nóng)田、魚塘或水生植物塘的養(yǎng)豬場，可促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)肥的施用，節(jié)制性地使用無機(jī)化肥，發(fā)展綠色食品產(chǎn)業(yè)。該模式同時(shí)也具有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模豬場自身的良性、循環(huán)發(fā)展。

This mode is based on anaerobic digestion as the main process and is a comprehensive resource utilization mode. It mainly refers to the purification of the biogas produced by the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure in a biogas digester, which is used as fuel. The biogas residue and slurry are reused as raw materials, fertilizers, feed, etc. for the next level of production activities according to the food chain relationship; At the same time, this mode, combined with natural treatment systems such as oxidation ponds or land treatment, can enable the treated effluent to meet discharge standards during non use seasons. This model is mainly suitable for pig farms with appropriately sized farmland, fish ponds, or aquatic plant ponds in the surrounding area. It can promote the application of organic fertilizers in agriculture, use inorganic fertilizers in moderation, and develop the green food industry. This model also has certain economic benefits and can achieve the benign and circular development of large-scale pig farms themselves.

2.2 能源環(huán)保模式

2.2 Energy and Environmental Protection Model

該模式的關(guān)鍵是糞污水減量化，首先通過固液分離的方法將固態(tài)糞分離出來，分離出的糞渣出售或生產(chǎn)有機(jī)復(fù)合肥，分離后的液體進(jìn)行厭氧消化處理，厭氧后的污水再通過好氧處理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步凈化處理，達(dá)到國家和地方規(guī)定的相關(guān)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，排入相應(yīng)的水體。該模式是達(dá)標(biāo)排放模式，主要應(yīng)用于周邊既無一定規(guī)模的農(nóng)田，又無閑暇空地可供建造魚塘和水生植物塘的養(yǎng)豬場。該模式沼氣工程通常規(guī)模較大，后續(xù)達(dá)標(biāo)排放處理運(yùn)行費(fèi)用較高。

The key to this model is the reduction of manure and sewage. Firstly, solid manure is separated through solid-liquid separation, and the separated manure residue is sold or used to produce organic compound fertilizer. The separated liquid is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment, and the anaerobic sewage is further purified through an aerobic treatment system to meet relevant national and local emission standards before being discharged into the corresponding water bodies. This mode is a standard emission mode, mainly applied to pig farms that do not have a certain scale of farmland or leisure space for building fish ponds and aquatic plant ponds in the surrounding area. This mode of biogas engineering usually has a large scale, and the operating costs for subsequent standard emission treatment are relatively high.

2.3兩種模式比較

2.3 Comparison of Two Modes

兩種模式的共同之處在于均利用沼氣技術(shù)處理豬場糞污水，利用沼氣燃料作為能源，但兩種模式在技術(shù)上和投資運(yùn)行成本上有很大的差別。

The commonality between the two modes is that they both use biogas technology to treat pig manure and sewage, and use biogas fuel as energy. However, there are significant differences in technology and investment operating costs between the two modes.

能源生態(tài)模式以資源回收與綜合利用為目的，主要側(cè)重于沼氣、沼渣、沼液等資源的回收與利用，對清糞工藝無特殊要求，多采用全混式厭氧發(fā)酵裝置，對出水水質(zhì)無要求，但要求周邊應(yīng)有一定規(guī)模的農(nóng)田消納沼渣液，以便進(jìn)行土地利用，或有空閑地可供建造魚塘和水生植物塘等，通常適用于各類規(guī)模的沼氣工程。

The energy ecological model aims at resource recovery and comprehensive utilization, mainly focusing on the recovery and utilization of resources such as biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. There are no special requirements for manure cleaning processes, and fully mixed anaerobic fermentation devices are often used. There are no requirements for effluent quality, but there should be a certain scale of farmland in the surrounding area to absorb biogas residue for land use, or there should be idle land available for building fish ponds and aquatic plant ponds. It is usually suitable for biogas projects of various scales.

能源環(huán)保型則以處理糞污水為目的，對沼氣和沼渣、沼液的利用為輔，對出水水質(zhì)要求很高，水處理后的最終產(chǎn)物必須符合國家或地方排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此該模式要求進(jìn)入沼氣裝置糞水的懸浮物和固體含量較低，以減輕后續(xù)處理的難度和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用，較適用于大型沼氣工程。在周邊無充足的農(nóng)田消納有機(jī)肥料，出水必須排放的情況下采用該模式，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)性廣，不受地理位置限制，占地少;缺點(diǎn)是投資大，能耗高，運(yùn)行費(fèi)高，機(jī)械設(shè)備多，維護(hù)管理量大，需專門的技術(shù)人員運(yùn)行管理。

The energy and environmental protection model aims to treat manure and sewage, supplemented by the utilization of biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. It has high requirements for effluent quality, and the final product after water treatment must meet national or local emission standards. Therefore, this model requires low suspended solids and solid content in the manure water entering the biogas plant to reduce the difficulty and operating costs of subsequent treatment, and is more suitable for large-scale biogas projects. When there is insufficient farmland in the surrounding area to absorb organic fertilizers and the effluent must be discharged, adopting this mode has the advantages of wide adaptability, not limited by geographical location, and occupying less land; The disadvantages are high investment, high energy consumption, high operating costs, multiple mechanical equipment, large maintenance and management workload, requiring specialized technical personnel for operation and management.